Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/September

Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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September 1

Battle of Chantilly map

1862 – American Civil War: Confederate forces attacked retreating troops (map shown) of the Union Army during a rainstorm in Chantilly, Virginia, but the battle ended inconclusively.
1953 – Channel 11 began television broadcasts in Minneapolis, United States.
1911 – Construction began on the Saline Valley salt tram, which during its operation was the steepest tram in the United States.
1966 – Rioting erupted in Dayton, Ohio, resulting in one death and the mobilization of the Ohio National Guard.
2019 – Hurricane Dorian, the most powerful Atlantic hurricane on record outside the tropics, made landfall in the Bahamas at Category 5 intensity.

Abdur Rahman Biswas (b. 1926)
Barry Gibb (b. 1946)
Albert Speer (d. 1981)
Murray Hamilton (d. 1986)

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September 2: National Day in Vietnam (1945)

Editorial cartoon showing Theodore Roosevelt carrying a big stick

1666 – A large fire began in London's Pudding Lane and burned for five days, destroying St Paul's Cathedral and the homes of 70,000 of the city's 80,000 inhabitants.
1885 – White miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming, attacked Chinese-American immigrants, killing at least 28 Chinese miners and causing approximately $150,000 in property damage.
1901 – U.S. vice president Theodore Roosevelt first publicly used the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick" (cartoon pictured) at the Minnesota State Fair, describing his philosophy of negotiating peacefully while simultaneously threatening to use military force.
1957 – South Vietnamese president Ngô Đình Diệm began an official visit to Australia, the first by a foreign incumbent head of state to the country.
2011 – Bad weather caused a Chilean Air Force aircraft to crash into the Pacific Ocean, killing all 21 people on board.

Jean Victor Marie Moreau (d. 1813)
Bhaktivinoda Thakur (b. 1838)
Roekiah (d. 1945)
Carlos Valderrama (b. 1961)

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September 3

Oliver Cromwell

863 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Byzantine Empire decisively defeated the Emirate of Melitene at the Battle of Lalakaon, beginning the era of Byzantine ascendancy.
1651 – English Parliamentarian forces under Oliver Cromwell (pictured) won the Battle of Worcester, the final battle of the English Civil War.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: The British Army and their Hessian allies defeated an American militia at the Battle of Cooch's Bridge.
1936 – The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America was founded in Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Canada.
2001 – The Troubles: Ulster loyalists resumed a picket outside a Catholic girls' primary school in the Protestant portion of Ardoyne, in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Archibald Bower (d. 1766)
Prudence Crandall (b. 1803)
Vince Lombardi (d. 1970)
Rich Brian (b. 1999)

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September 4

Little Rock Central High School

1839 – First Opium War: British vessels opened fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community on the Kowloon Peninsula.
1886 – After more than 25 years of fighting against the United States Army and the armed forces of Mexico, Geronimo of the Chiricahua Apache surrendered at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.
1920 – Peasants in and around Križ began a rebellion to protest economic and conscription policies enacted by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1957 – Governor Orval Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine African-American students from attending Little Rock Central High School (pictured).
2007 – Three terrorists suspected to be part of al-Qaeda were arrested in Germany after planning attacks on Frankfurt Airport and Ramstein Air Base.

Stephen Whitney (b. 1776)
Beyoncé (b. 1981)
Steve Irwin (d. 2006)
Joan Rivers (d. 2014)

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September 5

El Dorado Fire

917 – Liu Yan declared himself emperor, establishing the state of Southern Han at his capital of Panyu (present-day Guangzhou) in southern China.
1774 – In response to the British Parliament's enactment of the so-called Intolerable Acts, representatives from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies convened the First Continental Congress at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia.
1970 – During the practice session of the Italian Grand Prix at Monza Circuit, Jochen Rindt was killed and subsequently became motor racing's only posthumous world champion.
1972 – The Palestinian militant group Black September took hostage eleven Israeli athletes and coaches at the Olympic Games in Munich, West Germany; all of the hostages were killed less than 24 hours later.
2020 – California wildfires: A pyrotechnic device at a gender reveal party ignited the El Dorado Fire (pictured), burning for 71 days and killing one firefighter.

Nap Lajoie (b. 1874)
Kathleen O'Melia (d. 1939)
Chris Hipkins (b. 1978)
Benyamin Sueb (d. 1995)

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September 6: Defence Day in Pakistan (1965)

Liz Truss

1634 – Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen, the Catholic Imperial army defeated Swedish and German Protestant forces.
1863 – General John S. Marmaduke fatally wounded his Confederate Army colleague Lucius M. Walker in a formal duel in Arkansas.
1916 – The first self-service grocery store, Piggly Wiggly, was founded in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
1976 – Soviet pilot Viktor Belenko landed his MiG-25 in Hakodate, Japan, declaring his intention to defect to the West.
2022 – Liz Truss (pictured) succeeded Boris Johnson as prime minister following the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis.

Pope John XIII (d. 972)
Chris Christie (b. 1962)
Dolores O'Riordan (b. 1971)
Akira Kurosawa (d. 1998)

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September 7

Battle of Arsuf by French painter Éloi Firmin Féron

1191 – Third Crusade: Crusaders under Richard I of England defeated Ayyubid troops under Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf (depicted) in present-day Israel.
1916 – World War I: The Supreme War Command was established to oversee the armed forces of all the Central Powers.
1984 – An explosion on board a Maltese patrol boat that was disposing of illegal fireworks at sea off Gozo killed seven soldiers and policemen.
1999 – Three weeks after an earthquake struck northwestern Turkey, a second earthquake struck Athens, causing Greece and Turkey to initiate "earthquake diplomacy".
2011 – Yak-Service Flight 9633, carrying the players and coaching staff of the ice hockey team Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, crashed on take-off near Yaroslavl, Russia, resulting in the deaths of 44 of the 45 people on board.

Robert Estienne (d. 1559)
Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet (b. 1629)
Peggy Noonan (b. 1950)
Tamurbek Dawletschin (d. 1983)

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September 8: Victory Day in Malta

PS Lady Elgin

1755 – French and Indian War: Despite being ambushed at the start of the Battle of Lake George, British colonial troops and their Mohawk allies were able to defeat French and Canadien troops and their Indian allies.
1775 – Maltese priests discontented with the Order of Saint John led an uprising that was quickly suppressed by the Order.
1860 – The paddle steamer Lady Elgin (pictured) was rammed by a schooner on Lake Michigan and sank, resulting in the loss of about 300 lives.
1935 – Huey Long, a U.S. senator, was shot in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, dying two days later.
1995 – Construction began on the Dhammakaya Cetiya, a giant stupa at the Wat Phra Dhammakaya, a Buddhist temple in Pathum Thani, Thailand.

Leo IV the Khazar (d. 780)
Maria Lassnig (b. 1919)
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (b. 1945)
Emi Shinohara (d. 2024)

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September 9

Elizabeth II on September 9, 2015

1570 – Ottoman–Venetian War: After a 40-day siege, the Cypriot city of Nicosia fell to the Ottomans, leading to a massacre of more than 20,000 citizens.
1739 – The Stono Rebellion, at the time the largest slave rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies of British America, erupted near Charleston, South Carolina.
1969 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 collided in mid-air with a Piper PA-28 Cherokee flown by a student pilot near Fairland, Indiana, killing all 83 occupants of and destroying both aircraft.
2001 – Two al-Qaeda attackers assassinated Ahmad Shah Massoud, a pivotal Afghan resistance leader, two days before the September 11 attacks in the United States.
2015 – Elizabeth II (pictured) became the longest-reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria.

Anna Jagiellon (d. 1596)
Hugh Grant (b. 1960)
Mao Zedong (d. 1976)
Luka Modrić (b. 1985)

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September 10

Light curve–based 3D model of Pandora

1509 – An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hit Constantinople.
1622 – Fifty-five Christians were executed in Nagasaki during the Great Genna Martyrdom, part of persecution towards Christians in Japan by the Tokugawa shogunate.
1858 – George Mary Searle discovered the asteroid 55 Pandora (pictured) from the Dudley Observatory near Albany, New York; it was his only asteroid discovery.
1945 – Mike the Headless Chicken was decapitated on a farm in Colorado; he survived another 18 months as part of sideshows before choking to death.
2009 – Members of the Atlanta Police Department conducted a raid on a gay bar, with patrons later alleging that their constitutional rights had been violated and the city agreeing to pay over $1 million in settlements.

William Morgan (d. 1604)
Giovanni Antonio Grassi (b. 1775)
Adele Astaire (b. 1896)
Chandra Khonnokyoong (d. 2000)

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September 11: National Day of Catalonia

The World Trade Center towers after each being hit with hijacked Boeing 767s

1776 – British and American leaders held a peace conference on Staten Island, New York, in the hopes of bringing an end to the nascent American Revolutionary War.
1851 – In a fight near Christiana, Pennsylvania, a group of escaped slaves and free Blacks led by William Parker fought off a federal posse seeking to arrest and return the escapees to slavery.
1945 – The Japanese-run camp at Batu Lintang in Borneo was liberated by the Australian 9th Division, averting the planned massacre of its 2,000-plus Allied POWs and civilian internees by four days.
2001 – al-Qaeda hijacked four passenger airliners to carry out a series of terrorist attacks (one pictured) against targets in New York City and the area of Washington, D.C., killing 2,977 people.
2025 – Former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro was sentenced to 27 years in prison for his involvement in a coup plot.

Murali Kartik (b. 1976)
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (b. 1982)
John Ritter (d. 2003)
Alberto Fujimori (d. 2024)

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September 12

President Kennedy's speech

1309 – Reconquista: Castilian forces captured Gibraltar from the Emirate of Granada.
1885 – The Scottish Cup match between Arbroath and Bon Accord ended 36–0, which is still a world record for an unrigged professional association football match.
1962 – In a speech at Rice Stadium in Houston, U.S. president John F. Kennedy reiterated an aspiration to land a man on the Moon before 1970 (video featured).
2003 – The first public release of Steam, a distribution service for computer games, was made available for download.
2008 – A Metrolink train collided head-on with a freight train in Los Angeles, California, resulting in 25 deaths and 135 injuries; the Metrolink driver had passed through a red signal, having likely been distracted by text messaging.

Andronikos I Komnenos (d. 1185)
Mary Jane Patterson (b. 1840)
Grahame Clark (d. 1995)
Sydney Sweeney (b. 1997)

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September 13

Model of Luna 2

1759 – French and Indian War: British forces won the Battle of the Plains of Abraham near Quebec City, despite General James Wolfe being mortally wounded.
1814 – War of 1812: Fort McHenry in Baltimore's Inner Harbor was attacked by British forces during the Battle of Baltimore, inspiring Francis Scott Key to write "Defence of Fort McHenry", later used as the lyrics to the United States national anthem.
1959 – The Soviet spacecraft Luna 2 (model pictured) struck the Moon, the first spacecraft to reach another celestial body.
1971 – Following a failed coup attempt, Mao Zedong's second-in-command Lin Biao died in a plane crash while attempting to flee China.
2008 – Five bomb blasts took place in Delhi, India, killing at least 20 people as part of a series of attacks perpetrated by the Indian Mujahideen.

Hezqeyas (d. 1813)
Lili Elbe (d. 1931)
Anutin Charnvirakul (b. 1966)
Ro Khanna (b. 1976)

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September 14

Kumba Ialá

1752 – Under the terms of the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, the British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days of the month.
1940 – Hungarian forces massacred at least 150 ethnic Romanians in Ip, Transylvania, following rumors that Romanians were responsible for the deaths of two soldiers.
1943 – World War II: Nazi forces began a mass extermination campaign against the civilian residents of around 20 villages on the Greek island of Crete, eventually killing more than 500 men.
2003 – President Kumba Ialá (pictured) of Guinea-Bissau was deposed in a bloodless military coup.
2015 – Physicists of the LIGO and Virgo projects first observed gravitational waves, the existence of which was predicted by Henri Poincaré in 1905.

Constantine V (d. 775)
Jeremiah Dummer (b. 1645)
Ponnambalam Arunachalam (b. 1853)
Beah Richards (d. 2000)

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September 15: Battle of Britain Day in the United Kingdom (1940)

Title page of the German government gazette issue proclaiming the laws

1776 – American Revolutionary War: British forces made an unopposed amphibious landing at Kips Bay on Manhattan, the American defenders having fled due to artillery fire.
1795 – French Revolutionary Wars: Great Britain seized the Dutch Cape Colony to use its facilities against the French Navy.
1935 – Nazi Germany enacted the Nuremberg Laws (pictured), which deprived Jews of their citizenship.
1944 – World War II: American and Australian forces landed on the Japanese-occupied island of Morotai.
2017 – A homemade bomb partially exploded on an eastbound District line train at Parsons Green tube station in West London, injuring 30 passengers.

Catherine of Genoa (d. 1510)
Edmé Boursault (d. 1701)
Signe Toly Anderson (b. 1941)
Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (b. 1984)

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September 16: Malaysia Day in Malaysia (1963); Independence Day in Papua New Guinea (1975)

1839 British five-pound gold coin

1400 – Owain Glyndŵr proclaimed himself Prince of Wales, declaring that he could save the Welsh from English invasions.
1920 – A bomb in a horse-drawn wagon exploded in front of 23 Wall Street in New York City, killing 38 people and injuring several hundred others.
1975 – The prototype of the Soviet Mikoyan MiG-31, one of the fastest combat jets in the world, made its maiden flight.
1989 – During a tour of the United States, Soviet politician Boris Yeltsin visited a grocery store in Texas that had a major impact on his views regarding the Soviet Union's economic system.
1992 – The British pound (coin pictured) was forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism on Black Wednesday and suffered a major devaluation.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (d. 1736)
Louis XVIII (d. 1824)
Lauren Bacall (b. 1924)
B. B. King (b. 1925)

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September 17: Constitution Day and Citizenship Day in the United States

Ronald Reagan publicly acknowledges AIDS for the first time, beginning at the 7:12 mark.

1658 – Portuguese Restoration War: Having crossed the Minho and entered Portuguese territory, a Spanish army was victorious in the Battle of Vilanova.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army under Richard Montgomery began the Siege of Fort St. Jean in the British province of Quebec.
1878 – A British surveyor was detained by the Zulu on the border with the Colony of Natal; a demand for reparations for the incident formed part of an ultimatum that led to the Anglo-Zulu War.
1985 – Four years after AIDS was first identified in the United States, Ronald Reagan publicly acknowledged AIDS (video featured) for the first time.
2018 – The Israeli Air Force conducted missile strikes that hit multiple targets in western Syria; Syrian air defences responding to the strikes accidentally downed a Russian plane.

Robert Bellarmine (d. 1621)
Vera Yevstafievna Popova (b. 1867)
Hans Otto Jung (b. 1920)
Eiji Toyoda (d. 2013)

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September 18

Old Faithful erupting

324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeated Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire and ending the Tetrarchy.
1850 – The United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act, decreeing that all escaped slaves be brought back to their masters.
1870 – Nathaniel P. Langford of the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition first observed a geyser in the Wyoming Territory erupting at regular intervals, naming it Old Faithful (video featured).
1948 – The Australian cricket team's Invincibles tour of England concluded; they had played 34 matches, including five Tests, without defeat.
1950 – Korean War: The Korean People's Army retreated from the Battle of the Pusan Perimeter after six weeks of fighting, marking the farthest that the KPA would advance in the war.

Andronikos Komnenos (b. 1091)
William Hazlitt (d. 1830)
Helene Scheu-Riesz (b. 1880)
Salvatore Schillaci (d. 2024)

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September 19: International Talk Like a Pirate Day

Kate Sheppard

1893 – New Zealand became the first country to introduce universal suffrage following the women's suffrage movement led by Kate Sheppard (pictured).
1970 – Greek student Kostas Georgakis set himself on fire in Genoa, Italy, as a protest against the military junta of Georgios Papadopoulos.
1985 – An earthquake registering M_w 8.0 struck Mexico City, killing at least 9,000 people and leaving up to 100,000 homeless.
1991 – Ötzi, a well-preserved natural mummy of a man dating from about 3300 BC, was discovered by two German tourists in the Alps.
2023 – Chinese authorities cancelled a run of performances of The Mongol Khan, the first Mongolian play to be performed internationally, forty minutes before its planned premiere in Hohhot.

Alfonso Litta (b. 1608)
William Kirby (b. 1759)
Jackie Collins (d. 2015)
John Turner (d. 2020)

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September 20

Margaret Thatcher

1066 – Harald III of Norway and his English ally Tostig Godwinson defeated the northern earls Edwin and Morcar at the Battle of Fulford near York.
1697 – The first of a series of treaties comprising the Peace of Ryswick was signed between France and the Grand Alliance, ending the Nine Years' War.
1870 – The Bersaglieri entered Rome through the Porta Pia, ending the temporal power of the Pope and completing the unification of Italy.
1920 – Irish War of Independence: British auxiliary police officers known as Black and Tans went on a rampage in Balbriggan, burning more than fifty homes and businesses and killing two people.
1988 – British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (pictured) gave a landmark speech at the Belfry of Bruges, Belgium, against federalism in the European Economic Community.

Gozbald (d. 855)
Jacob Grimm (d. 1863)
Justo Gallego Martínez (b. 1925)
Rose Francine Rogombé (b. 1942)

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September 21: International Day of Peace

Chandrashekhar Agashe

1675 – Led by Antonio de Vea, a Spanish naval expedition departed El Callao, Peru, for the fjords and channels of Patagonia to find whether rival colonial powers were in the region.
1897 – In response to a letter written by eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon, The New York Sun published an editorial by Francis Pharcellus Church stating, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus".
1934 – Chandrashekhar Agashe (pictured) established the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd., one of the oldest companies in India.
1999 – A 7.7 M_w earthquake struck Jiji, Taiwan, killing 2,415 people, injuring more than 11,000 others and causing about NT$300 billion (US$10 billion) in damage across the island.
2004 – American rock band Green Day released their seventh studio album, American Idiot.

Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg (b. 1706)
Emanuel Schikaneder (d. 1812)
Kareena Kapoor Khan (b. 1980)
Trần Đại Quang (d. 2018)

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September 22

Damage from the great fire of Smyrna

1586 – Eighty Years' War: Spanish forces defeated an Anglo-Dutch army at the Battle of Zutphen.
1914 – World War I: German naval forces bombarded Papeete in French Polynesia and sank a French gunboat.
1922 – After nine days, the great fire of Smyrna was extinguished (aftermath pictured), having caused at least ten thousand deaths.
1975 – Sara Jane Moore attempted to assassinate U.S. president Gerald Ford, but failed due to unfamiliarity with her weapon.
2014 – The NASA spacecraft MAVEN entered into orbit around Mars to study the planet's atmosphere.

Selim I (d. 1520)
John Biddle (d. 1662)
Gladys Berejiklian (b. 1970)
Coco Yoshizawa (b. 2009)

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September 23: Celebrate Bisexuality Day

Benedict Arnold

1780 – American Revolutionary War: British officer John André was captured by Patriot forces, thereby revealing a plot by Continental Army general Benedict Arnold (pictured) to hand over West Point, New York.
1913 – The United Mine Workers of America begin a strike against the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, sparking the Colorado Coalfield War.
2002 – The first version of the web browser Firefox was released by the Mozilla Organization.
2008 – A gunman shot and killed ten students at the Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences in Kauhajoki, Finland, before committing suicide.
2019 – The British travel company Thomas Cook Group ceased operations with immediate effect, leaving around 600,000 tourists stranded around the world.

John Ainsworth Horrocks (d. 1846)
Ellen Hayes (b. 1851)
Sigmund Freud (d. 1939)
Sean Spicer (b. 1971)

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September 24: Heritage Day in South Africa; Independence Day in Guinea-Bissau (1973)

Battle of San Juan de Ulúa

1568 – At San Juan de Ulúa (present-day Veracruz, Mexico), a Spanish naval fleet forced English privateers to halt their trade (battle pictured).
1789 – The Judiciary Act of 1789 was signed into law, establishing the U.S. federal judiciary and setting the number of Supreme Court justices at six.
1903 – Alfred Deakin became the second Australian prime minister, succeeding Edmund Barton, who left office to become a founding justice of the High Court of Australia.
1950 – The "Great Smoke Pall", generated by the Chinchaga fire, the largest recorded fire in North American history, was first recorded in present-day Nunavut and may eventually have circled the entire globe.
1975 – Dougal Haston and Doug Scott of the Southwest Face expedition became the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest by ascending one of its faces.

Robert of Knaresborough (d. 1218)
John Rutter (b. 1945)
Pia Wurtzbach (b. 1989)
Gennady Yanayev (d. 2010)

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September 25

Tacitus

275 – After the assassination of Aurelian, Tacitus (depicted) was chosen by the Senate to succeed him as Roman emperor.
1066 – Harold Godwinson defeated King Harald III of Norway and his English ally Tostig Godwinson at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, ending the last Norse invasion of the British Isles.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Ethan Allen and a small force of American and Quebec militia failed to capture the city of Montreal from British forces.
1800 – French Revolutionary Wars: After U.S. ships became involved, French forces abandoned their invasion of the Batavian island of Curaçao.
1990 – The Ram Rath Yatra, a political–religious rally organised to erect a temple to the Hindu deity Rama on the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, began in the Indian state of Gujarat.

Oliver Loving (d. 1867)
Silvana Pampanini (b. 1925)
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (b. 1955)
José Fernández (d. 2016)

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September 26

Yves Rossy

1087 – William II, son of William the Conqueror, was crowned king of England.
1907 – The British Colony of New Zealand officially became a dominion to reflect its political independence since the 1850s.
1944 – World War II: The Soviet Army completed the Tallinn offensive, driving German forces out of Estonia.
1983 – The racing yacht Australia II, captained by John Bertrand, won the America's Cup and ended the New York Yacht Club's 132-year defence of the trophy.
2008 – Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy (pictured) flew a wingpack powered by jet engines across the English Channel.

Francis Daniel Pastorius (b. 1651)
Alice Harnoncourt (b. 1930)
Andi Ramang (d. 1987)
Gloria Stuart (d. 2010)

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September 27: Meskel (Orthodox Tewahedo)

Flag of China

1422 – The Treaty of Melno was signed, establishing the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years.
1875 – The Ellen Southard was wrecked in a storm at Liverpool, England; the U.S. Congress subsequently awarded 27 Gold Lifesaving Medals to the men who rescued her crew.
1940 – World War II: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan signed the Tripartite Pact in Berlin, officially forming a military alliance known as the Axis.
1949 – Members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously selected Zeng Liansong's design for the flag of China (pictured).
2014 – Mount Ontake in central Japan unexpectedly erupted, killing 63 people in the nation's deadliest eruption in more than 100 years.

Guillaume Rondelet (b. 1507)
Ivan Goncharov (d. 1891)
Gwyneth Paltrow (b. 1972)
Madeleine Tchicaya (d. 2021)

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September 28

Pope Pontian

235 – Pope Pontian (pictured) resigned after being exiled to Sardinia, becoming the first pope to relinquish the position.
1821 – The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain was drafted in the National Palace in Mexico City.
1924 – A team of U.S. Army Air Service aviators landed in Seattle, Washington, to complete the first aerial circumnavigation of the world.
1958 – Fernando Rios, a Mexican tour guide in New Orleans, was killed in an instance of gay bashing.
2009 – A protest held by 50,000 people in Conakry, Guinea, was forcefully disrupted by the military junta, resulting in at least 157 deaths and over 1,200 injuries.

Isis Pogson (b. 1852)
Frank S. Scott (d. 1912)
Kimiko Date (b. 1970)
Shimon Peres (d. 2016)

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September 29: Michaelmas (Western Christianity)

Burhanuddin Harahap

1760 – The Williamsburg Bray School, the oldest-surviving school building in the U.S. dedicated to educating Black children, opened at Benjamin Franklin's suggestion.
1941 – The Holocaust: Nazi forces, aided by Ukrainian collaborators, began a massacre of Jews in a ravine in Kyiv, killing more than 30,000 civilians in two days and thousands more in the following months.
1955 – The first Indonesian legislative election resulted in an unexpectedly poor result for the Masyumi Party of incumbent prime minister Burhanuddin Harahap (pictured).
1990 – The Lockheed YF-22, the prototype for the F-22 Raptor, made its first flight.
2005 – John Roberts became the 17th Chief Justice of the United States; he would be the first Chief Justice to serve for twenty years since Melville Fuller in 1908.

Guadalupe Victoria (b. 1786)
Bill Shankly (d. 1981)
Nicholas Galitzine (b. 1994)
Michael A. Monsoor (d. 2006)

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September 30: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation in Canada; Martyrs' Day in China

AH-64 Apache prototype

737 – Muslim conquest of Transoxiana: Türgesh tribesmen attacked and captured the exposed baggage train of the Umayyad army, sent ahead of the main force.
1882 – The Vulcan Street Plant in Appleton, Wisconsin, the first hydroelectric central station to serve a system of private and commercial customers in North America, went online.
1955 – American film actor James Dean suffered fatal injuries in a head-on car accident near Cholame, California.
1975 – The Boeing AH-64 Apache (example pictured), the primary attack helicopter for a number of countries, made its first flight.
2005 – The Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published controversial editorial cartoons depicting Muhammad, sparking protests across the Islamic world by many who viewed them as Islamophobic and blasphemous.

Honorius of Canterbury (d. 653)
Marion Cotillard (b. 1975)
Levi Miller (b. 2002)
Sonia Orbuch (d. 2018)

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Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2025 day arrangement